#lang sicp
(#%require (only racket/base print-as-expression print-mpair-curly-braces))
(print-as-expression #f)
(print-mpair-curly-braces #f)

;; Chapter 5
;; Computing with Register Machines

;; 5.4
;; The Explicit-Control Evaluator

;; The Core of the Explicit-Control Evaluator

(define eval-dispatch
  '(eval-dispatch
      (test (op self-evaluating?) (reg exp))
      (branch (label ev-self-eval))
      (test (op variable?) (reg exp))
      (branch (label ev-variable))
      (test (op quoted?) (reg exp))
      (branch (label ev-quoted))
      (test (op assignment?) (reg exp))
      (branch (label ev-assignment))
      (test (op definition?) (reg exp))
      (branch (label ev-definition))
      (test (op if?) (reg exp))
      (branch (label ev-if))
      (test (op lambda?) (reg exp))
      (branch (label ev-lambda))
      (test (op begin?) (reg exp))
      (branch (label ev-begin))
      (test (op application?) (reg exp))
      (branch (label ev-application))
      (goto (label unknown-expression-type))))

(define ev-self-eval
  '(ev-self-eval
      (assign val (reg exp))
      (goto (reg continue))))

(define ev-variable
  '(ev-variable
      (assign val (op lookup-variable-value) (reg exp) (reg env))
      (goto (reg continue))))

(define ev-quoted
  '(ev-quoted
      (assign val (op text-of-quotation) (reg exp))
      (goto (reg continue))))

(define ev-lambda
  '(ev-lambda
      (assign unev (op lambda-parameters) (reg exp))
      (assign exp (op lambda-body) (reg exp))
      (assign val (op make-procedure) (reg unev) (reg exp) (reg env))
      (goto (reg continue))))

(define (empty-arglist) '())

(define (adjoin-arg arg arglist)
  (append arglist (list arg)))

(define (last-operand? ops)
  (null? (cdr ops)))

(define ev-application
  '(ev-application
      (save continue)
      (save env)
      (assign unev (op operands) (reg exp))
      (save unev)
      (assign exp (op operator) (reg exp))
      (assign continue (label ev-appl-did-operator))
      (goto (label eval-dispatch))
    ev-appl-did-operator
      (restore unev)
      (restore env)
      (assign argl (op empty-arglist))
      (assign proc (reg val))
      (test (op no-operands?) (reg unev))
      (branch (label apply-dispatch))
      (save proc)
    ev-appl-operand-loop
      (save argl)
      (assign exp (op first-operand) (reg unev))
      (test (op last-operand?) (reg unev))
      (branch (label ev-appl-last-arg))
      (save env)
      (save unev)
      (assign continue (label ev-appl-accumulate-arg))
      (goto (label eval-dispatch))
    ev-appl-accumulate-arg
      (restore unev)
      (restore env)
      (restore argl)
      (assign argl (op adjoin-arg) (reg val) (reg argl))
      (assign unev (op rest-operands) (reg unev))
      (goto (label ev-appl-operand-loop))
    ev-appl-last-arg
      (assign continue (label appl-accum-last-arg))
      (goto (label eval-dispatch))
    ev-appl-accum-last-arg
      (restore argl)
      (assign argl (op adjoin-arg) (reg val) (reg argl))
      (restore proc)
      (goto (label apply-dispatch))))

(define apply-dispatch
  '(apply-dispatch
      (test (op primitive-procedure?) (reg proc))
      (branch (label primitive-apply))
      (test (op compound-procedure?) (reg proc))
      (branch (label compound-apply))
      (goto (label unknown-procedure-type))
    primitive-apply
      (assign val (op apply-primitive-procedure) (reg proc) (reg argl))
      (restore continue)
      (goto (reg continue))
    compound-apply
      (assign unev (op procedure-parameters) (reg proc))
      (assign env (op procedure-environment) (reg proc))
      (assign env (op extend-environment) (reg unev) (reg argl) (reg env))
      (assign unev (op procedure-body) (reg proc))
      (goto (label ev-sequence))))

(define ev-begin
  '(ev-begin
      (assign unev (op begin-actions) (reg exp))
      (save continue)
      (goto (label ev-sequence))))

;; Sequence Evaluation and Tail Recursion

(define ev-sequence
  '(ev-sequence
      (assign exp (op first-exp) (reg unev))
      (test (op last-exp?) (reg unev))
      (branch (label ev-sequence-last-exp))
      (save unev)
      (save env)
      (assign continue (label ev-sequence-continue))
      (goto (label eval-dispatch))
    ev-sequence-continue
      (restore env)
      (restore unev)
      (assign unev (op rest-exps) (reg unev))
      (goto (label ev-sequence))
    ev-sequence-last-exp
      (restore continue)
      (goto (label eval-dispatch))))

(define (no-more-exps? seq) (null? seq))

(define ev-sequence-bad
  '(ev-sequence
      (test (op no-more-exps) (reg unev))
      (branch (label ev-sequence-end))
      (assign exp (op first-exp) (reg unev))
      (save unev)
      (save env)
      (assign continue (label ev-sequence-continue))
      (goto (label eval-dispatch))
    ev-sequence-continue
      (restore env)
      (restore unev)
      (assign unev (op rest-exps) (reg unev))
      (goto (label ev-sequence))
    ev-sequence-end
      (restore continue)
      (goto (label continue))))

(#%provide count)
(define (count n)
  (newline)
  (display n)
  (count (+ n 1)))

;; Conditionals, Assignments, and Definitions

(define ev-if
  '(ev-if
      (save exp)
      (save env)
      (save continue)
      (assign continue (label ev-if-decide))
      (assign exp (op if-predicate) (reg exp))
      (goto (label eval-dispatch))
    ev-if-decide
      (restore continue)
      (restore env)
      (test (op true?) (reg val))
      (branch (label ev-if-consequent))
    ev-if-alternative
      (assign exp (op if-alternative) (reg exp))
      (goto (label eval-dispatch))
    ev-if-consequent
      (assign exp (op if-consequent) (reg exp))
      (goto (label eval-dispatch))))

(define ev-assignment
  '(ev-assignment
      (assign unev (op assignment-variable) (reg exp))
      (save unev)
      (assign exp (op assignment-value) (reg exp))
      (save env)
      (save continue)
      (assign continue (label ev-assignment-1))
      (goto (label eval-dispatch))
    ev-assignment-1
      (restore continue)
      (restore env)
      (restore unev)
      (perform (op set-variable-value!) (reg unev) (reg val) (reg env))
      (assign val (const ok))
      (goto (reg continue))))

(define ev-definition
  '(ev-definition
      (assign unev (op definition-variable) (reg exp))
      (save unev)
      (assign exp (op definition-value) (reg exp))
      (save env)
      (save continue)
      (assign continue (label ev-definition-1))
    ev-definition-1
      (restore continue)
      (restore env)
      (restore unev)
      (perform (op define-variable!) (reg unev) (reg val) (reg env))
      (assign val (const ok))
      (goto (reg continue))))

(define read-eval-print-loop
  '(read-eval-print-loop
      (perform (op initialize-stack))
      (perform (op prompt-for-input) (const ";;; EC-Eval input:"))
      (assign exp (op read))
      (assign env (op get-global-environment))
      (assign continue (label print-result))
      (goto (label eval-dispatch))
    print-result
      (perform (op announce-output) (const ";;; EC-Eval value:"))
      (perform (op user-print) (reg val))
      (goto (label read-eval-print-loop))))

(define errors
  '(unknown-expression-type
      (assign val (const unknown-expression-type-error))
      (goto (label signal-error))
    unknown-procedure-type
      (restore continue)
      (assign val (const unknown-procedure-type-error))
      (goto (label signal-error))
    signal-error
      (perform (op user-print) (reg val))
      (goto (label read-eval-print-loop))))

(define (flatten xss)
  (if (null? xss)
    '()
    (append
      (car xss)
      (flatten (cdr xss)))))

(#%provide ec-eval-controller)
(define ec-eval-controller
  (flatten
    (list
      eval-dispatch
      ev-self-eval
      ev-variable
      ev-quoted
      ev-lambda
      ev-application
      apply-dispatch
      ev-begin
      ev-sequence
      ev-sequence-bad
      ev-if
      ev-assignment
      ev-definition
      read-eval-print-loop
      errors)))

#| 5.23 |#
#| 5.24 |#
#| 5.25 |#

;; Running the Evaluator

#| 5.26 |#
#| 5.27 |#
#| 5.28 |#
#| 5.29 |#
#| 5.30 |#

(define (self-evaluating? exp)
  (cond
    ((number? exp) true)
    ((string? exp) true)
    (else false)))

(define (variable? exp) (symbol? exp))

(define (quoted? exp)
  (tagged-list? exp 'quote))

(define (text-of-quotation exp) (cadr exp))

(define (tagged-list? exp tag)
  (if (pair? exp)
    (eq? (car exp) tag)
    false))

(define (assignment? exp)
  (tagged-list? exp 'set!))

(define (assignment-variable exp) (cadr exp))

(define (assignment-value exp) (caddr exp))

(define (definition? exp)
  (tagged-list? exp 'define))

(define (definition-variable exp)
  (if (symbol? (cadr exp))
    (cadr exp)
    (caadr exp)))

(define (definition-value exp)
  (if (symbol? (cadr exp))
    (caddr exp)
    (make-lambda
      (cdadr exp)
      (cddr exp))))

(define (lambda? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'lambda))

(define (lambda-parameters exp) (cadr exp))

(define (lambda-body exp) (cddr exp))

(define (make-lambda parameters body)
  (cons 'lambda (cons parameters body)))

(define (if? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'if))

(define (if-predicate exp) (cadr exp))

(define (if-consequent exp) (caddr exp))

(define (if-alternative exp)
  (if (not (null? (cdddr exp)))
    (cadddr exp)
    'false))

(define (make-if predicate consequent alternative)
  (list 'if predicate consequent alternative))

(define (begin? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'begin))

(define (begin-actions exp) (cdr exp))

(define (last-exp? seq) (null? (cdr seq)))

(define (first-exp seq) (car seq))

(define (rest-exps seq) (cdr seq))

(define (sequence->exp seq)
  (cond
    ((null? seq) seq)
    ((last-exp? seq) (first-exp seq))
    (else (make-begin seq))))

(define (make-begin seq) (cons 'begin seq))

(define (application? exp) (pair? exp))

(define (operator exp) (car exp))

(define (operands exp) (cdr exp))

(define (no-operands? ops) (null? ops))

(define (first-operand ops) (car ops))

(define (rest-operands ops) (cdr ops))

(define (cond? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'cond))

(define (cond-clauses exp) (cdr exp))

(define (cond-predicate clause)
  (car clause))

(define (cond-else-clause? clause)
  (eq? (cond-predicate clause) 'else))

(define (cond-actions clause) (cdr clause))

(define (cond->if exp)
  (expand-clauses (cond-clauses exp)))

(define (expand-clauses clauses)
  (if (null? clauses)
    'false
    (let
      ((first (car clauses))
       (rest (cdr clauses)))
      (if (cond-else-clause? first)
        (if (null? rest)
          (sequence->exp (cond-actions first))
          (error
            "ELSE clause isn't last -- COND->IF"
            clauses))
        (make-if
          (cond-predicate first)
          (sequence->exp (cond-actions first))
          (expand-clauses rest))))))

(define (let? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'let))

(define (binding-var binding)
  (car binding))

(define (binding-exp binding)
  (cadr binding))

(define (let-bindings exp)
  (cadr exp))

(define (let-body exp)
  (cddr exp))

(define (let->combination exp)
  (if (null? (let-bindings exp))
    (if (null? (cdr (let-body exp)))
      (car (let-body exp))
      (cons 'begin (let-body exp)))
    (cons
      (cons
        'lambda
        (cons
          (map binding-var (let-bindings exp))
          (let-body exp)))
      (map binding-exp (let-bindings exp)))))

(define (true? x)
  (not (eq? x false)))

(define (make-procedure parameters body env)
  (list 'procedure parameters body env))

(define (compound-procedure? p)
  (tagged-list? p 'procedure))

(define (procedure-parameters p) (cadr p))

(define (procedure-body p) (caddr p))

(define (procedure-environment p) (cadddr p))

(define (enclosing-environment env) (cdr env))

(define (first-frame env) (car env))

(define the-empty-environment '())

(define (make-frame variables values)
  (cons variables values))

(define (frame-variables frame) (car frame))

(define (frame-values frame) (cdr frame))

(define (add-binding-to-frame! var val frame)
  (set-car! frame (cons var (car frame)))
  (set-cdr! frame (cons val (cdr frame))))

(define (extend-environment vars vals base-env)
  (if (= (length vars) (length vals))
    (cons (make-frame vars vals) base-env)
    (if (< (length vars) (length vals))
      (error "Too many arguments supplied" vars vals)
      (error "Too few arguments supplied" vars vals))))

(define (lookup-variable-value var env)
  (define (env-loop env)
    (define (scan vars vals)
      (cond
        ((null? vars)
         (env-loop (enclosing-environment env)))
        ((eq? var (car vars))
         (car vals))
        (else (scan (cdr vars) (cdr vals)))))
    (if (eq? env the-empty-environment)
      (error "Unbound variable" var)
      (let ((frame (first-frame env)))
        (scan
          (frame-variables frame)
          (frame-values frame)))))
  (env-loop env))

(define (set-variable-value! var val env)
  (define (env-loop env)
    (define (scan vars vals)
      (cond
        ((null? vars)
         (env-loop (enclosing-environment env)))
        ((eq? var (car vars))
         (set-car! vals val))
        (else (scan (cdr vars) (cdr vals)))))
    (if (eq? env the-empty-environment)
      (error "Unbound variable" var)
      (let ((frame (first-frame env)))
        (scan
          (frame-variables frame)
          (frame-values frame)))))
  (env-loop env))

(define (define-variable! var val env)
  (let ((frame (first-frame env)))
    (define (scan vars vals)
      (cond
        ((null? vars)
         (add-binding-to-frame! var val frame))
        ((eq? var (car vars))
         (set-car! vals val))
        (else (scan (cdr vars) (cdr vals)))))
    (scan
      (frame-variables frame)
      (frame-values frame))))

(define (get-value binding)
  (cdr binding))

(define (set-value! val)
  (lambda (binding)
    (set-cdr! binding val)))

(define (setup-environment)
  (let
    ((initial-env
      (extend-environment
        (primitive-procedure-names)
        (primitive-procedure-objects)
        the-empty-environment)))
    (define-variable! 'true true initial-env)
    (define-variable! 'false false initial-env)
    initial-env))

(define (primitive-procedure? proc)
  (tagged-list? proc 'primitive))

(define (primitive-implementation proc) (cadr proc))

(define primitive-procedures
  (list
    (list 'car car)
    (list 'cdr cdr)
    (list 'cons cons)
    (list 'null? null?)
    (list '+ +)
    (list '- -)
    (list '* *)
    (list '/ /)
    (list '> >)
    (list '< <)
    (list '= =)
    (list '<= <=)
    (list '>= >=)))

(define (primitive-procedure-names)
  (map car primitive-procedures))

(define (primitive-procedure-objects)
  (map
    (lambda (proc) (list 'primitive (cadr proc)))
    primitive-procedures))

(define (apply-primitive-procedure proc args)
  (apply
    (primitive-implementation proc) args))

(define (prompt-for-input string)
  (newline)
  (newline)
  (display string)
  (newline))

(define (announce-output string)
  (newline)
  (display string)
  (newline))

(define (user-print object)
  (if (compound-procedure? object)
    (display
      (list
        'compound-procedure
        (procedure-parameters object)
        (procedure-body object)
        '<procedure-env>))
    (display object)))